At the outset, the members of the EXB were elected for their outstanding abilities and their independent outlook.

In 1954, the General Conference (held in Montevideo) made a first change in direction by amending the Constitution so that henceforth members of the EXB would also represent their respective governments.

At the 26th session in 1991, a further amendment to the Constitution provided that the states would be elected to the EXB.

Since the 27th session of the GC (1993) the Board has consisted of Member States of UNESCO rather than of persons in their personal capacity. Each Member State appoints one representative and may also appoint alternates. (The Ex. Board of UNESCO, I, 11-11.1)